Understanding the Adversary: Strategic Empathy and Perspective Taking in National Security

National security practitioners need to understand adversary motives, mindsets, and intentions anticipate respond their actions effectively. Although some authors have argued empathy helps build an understanding of the adversary, research points its cognitive component perspective taking as more appropriate skill for national have. This article synthesizes previous on development application in analysis decision making recommends four ways strategists enhance ability gain insight into motives mindsets.